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6061 aluminum is a popular alloy known for its versatility and strength. It consists mainly of aluminum, with small amounts of other elements like magnesium and silicon. It's widely used in manufacturing due to its excellent weldability and formability. 6061 aluminum is commonly employed in bike frames, aircraft parts, and consumer goods. It has a good balance of strength and weight, making it suitable for various applications. The alloy is heat-treatable, allowing for enhanced mechanical properties. It exhibits corrosion resistance, making it durable for outdoor use.

The 21700 Samsung Li-ion cells refer to a specific type of lithium-ion battery cell, manufactured by Samsung, that is characterized by its dimensions. The number "21700" indicates the size of the cell, specifically its diameter (21mm) and length (70mm). These cells are larger than the more common 18650 cells, providing increased capacity and energy density.

The use of 21700 cells is prevalent in various applications, including electric vehicles, power tools, and portable electronic devices. Their larger size allows for a higher energy storage capacity, which translates to longer battery life and improved performance.

Samsung, a major player in the electronics industry, is known for producing high-quality lithium-ion cells with advanced technology. The 21700 cells from Samsung typically feature advancements in energy efficiency, safety features, and charging capabilities.

ARES, or Advanced Rear Early Indication System, is a safety technology for e-bikes or cars. It provides early warnings to drivers or riders about vehicles approaching from behind. Using sensors and alerts, ARES enhances situational awareness, reducing the risk of collisions. The system detects rear-approaching vehicles and notifies the rider or driver, prompting them to take precautionary measures.

Middenmotor Bafang is a Dutch term for Bafang mid-drive motors, which are electric bike motors that are installed on the bottom bracket of the bike frame. Bafang is a Chinese company that produces various types of e-bike motors and components. Bafang mid-drive motors are popular for their durability, performance, and affordability. 

There are different models of Bafang mid-drive motors, such as M200, M300, M400, M500, M600, M800, and M1000. Each model has different specifications, such as rated power, maximum torque, weight, and noise level. 

Some of the advantages of Bafang mid-drive motors are:

- They provide natural and smooth support, as they sense the rider's pedaling force and speed.

- They have a low center of gravity, which improves the balance and handling of the bike.

- They are compatible with various types of e-bikes, such as city, trekking, cargo, fat, and mountain bikes.

- They are easy to install and maintain, as they use standard bottom bracket sizes and have modular designs.

Some of the disadvantages of Bafang mid-drive motors are:

- They may cause more wear and tear on the drivetrain, as they transfer more power to the chain and cassette.

- They may reduce the battery range, as they consume more energy than hub motors.

- They may be louder than hub motors, especially at high speeds or under heavy loads.

BESV, a Taiwanese electric bike brand, was founded in 2010, initially under the name Darfon Innovation Corp. The brand rebranded to BESV in 2014, focusing on creating innovative electric bicycles. BESV is known for its commitment to integrating design and technology seamlessly into its products. Their electric bikes, ranging from commuter models to mountain bikes, feature cutting-edge components and sleek designs. The brand emphasizes eco-friendly transportation with a vision to transform urban commuting. BESV is recognized for its Algorhythm technology, an advanced system that optimizes power delivery for a smoother and more efficient riding experience. With a dedication to sustainability, BESV has gained acclaim for its lightweight and stylish e-bikes, making them a prominent player in the electric mobility market.

A carbon frame for a bike is a bicycle frame made from carbon fiber material. Carbon fiber is a strong and lightweight material that's commonly used in high-performance bikes. The carbon frame is crafted by weaving carbon fibers together and then bonding them with resin. This process creates a durable and rigid structure that is also light in weight. Bikes with carbon frames are known for their stiffness, which enhances power transfer, and their ability to absorb vibrations, providing a smoother ride. Carbon frames are often used in road and mountain bikes due to their strength-to-weight ratio, contributing to improved speed and agility. While they offer great performance, carbon frames can be more expensive than frames made from other materials like aluminum or steel.

CST (Cheng Shin Tire) is a Taiwanese tire manufacturer founded in 1967, initially producing rubber shoes and later expanding into bicycle tires. Known for its global presence, CST has become one of the largest tire manufacturers globally. The brand offers a diverse range of bicycle tires, catering to various terrains and riding styles, including e-bikes. CST tires for e-bikes are designed to withstand the demands of electric-assisted cycling with a focus on durability and traction. While specific innovations may vary, CST continually incorporates new technologies to improve tire performance and longevity. With a commitment to quality and a wide product range, CST remains a reputable choice for cyclists seeking reliable and high-performance tires.

Enviolo, formerly known as NuVinci, is a Dutch brand recognized for its innovative continuously variable transmission (CVT) systems for bicycles. Established in 2007, Enviolo's technology allows riders to smoothly and continuously change their gear ratio, offering a seamless and efficient riding experience. The NuVinci Harmony system, a part of their product line, enables automatic and stepless shifting, enhancing ease of use. Enviolo's drivetrain solutions are versatile and cater to various bike types, including e-bikes, urban bikes, and cargo bikes. Known for their low maintenance and user-friendly operation, Enviolo systems appeal to cyclists seeking a reliable and adaptable transmission. With a commitment to sustainability and performance, Enviolo continues to be a key player in the cycling industry.

The Enviolo Heavy Duty transmission is a bike component that offers a smooth and continuous gear shifting for various terrains. It consists of:

- A HUB with a variable ratio of 380%, which means you can adjust the pedaling resistance to your preference without any steps or clicks

- A CONTROLLER that can be either manual or automatic, depending on the model. The manual controller lets you choose the gear ratio by rotating a grip, while the automatic controller adjusts the gear ratio based on your speed and cadence

- A BELT DRIVE that connects the hub to the crankset, which is more durable, cleaner, and quieter than a chain drive

The Enviolo Heavy Duty transmission is designed for heavy-duty use, such as cargo bikes or e-bikes, as it can handle up to 250 kg of weight and 100 Nm of torque⁴. It is also compatible with the Enviolo AUTOMATiQ interface, which allows you to connect your bike to a smartphone app for more features and customization⁴.

An eSIM, or embedded SIM, is a tiny digital SIM card embedded directly into a device, like a smartphone or smartwatch. Unlike traditional physical SIM cards, eSIMs are not removable or interchangeable. They facilitate easy switching between mobile networks without requiring a physical swap. Users can remotely activate or change their cellular plans through software settings. eSIMs simplify the device setup process and are commonly used in modern gadgets for cellular connectivity. They offer flexibility, enabling users to connect to various networks seamlessly, making it convenient for travelers and those needing multiple mobile plans on a single device.

Aluminum liquid forging is a process that uses a very high pressure on the liquid metal during the solidification phase to produce parts with a very high density and very high accuracy. It is a technique that combines high pressure injection and aluminum closed die forging. It is suitable for making parts with simple shapes and no fine details, such as wheels, gears, pipes, and pistons. It is also used for making parts for ebikes or bikes, as it can handle heavy-duty use and reduce energy consumption.

Founded in 1969, Frog Design, Inc. is a renowned global design consultancy based in Germany and the United States. Known for its innovative design solutions, Frog has collaborated with numerous iconic brands. The company offers a diverse range of design services, spanning product design, user experience, and digital interfaces. Frog Design has played a key role in shaping the look and feel of products in industries like technology, healthcare, and automotive. Their commitment to human-centric design and emphasis on user experience have made them a leader in the field of design innovation.

The Gates CDX carbon belt is a durable and low-maintenance alternative to traditional bike chains, commonly used in high-performance bicycles and e-bikes. Constructed from carbon fiber-reinforced material, it offers exceptional strength and longevity. The belt design eliminates the need for lubrication and reduces noise during operation. The CDX system is known for its smooth and efficient power transfer, providing a reliable and clean riding experience. Gates CDX carbon belts are widely adopted for their longevity, reliability, and ability to withstand various weather conditions.

Gravity permanent mold casting is a process that uses a reusable metal mold to make metal parts for ebikes or bikes. The mold is usually made of steel or iron, and it has two halves that can be opened and closed. The mold is heated before the casting process to make the metal flow better and cool faster. The metal is melted in a furnace and then poured into the mold by gravity, without any pressure or vacuum. The metal fills the mold cavity and takes the shape of the part. The metal is then allowed to cool and solidify inside the mold. After the metal is solid, the mold is opened and the part is removed. The mold can be used again for the next casting cycle. This process can make many parts quickly and cheaply, with good surface finish and accuracy. Gravity permanent mold casting is suitable for making parts with simple shapes and no fine details, such as wheels, gears, pipes, and pistons. It can be used for casting metals with low or moderate melting points, such as aluminum, magnesium, copper, zinc, and lead.

IoT sensors for an e-bike, like an accelerometer, gyroscope, and proprietary torque sensor, are devices that gather information to enhance the bike's performance and user experience. The accelerometer measures the bike's acceleration and deceleration, providing data for features like automatic lights or anti-theft alarms. The gyroscope helps detect the bike's orientation and balance, contributing to stability and safety. The proprietary torque sensor measures the force applied to the pedals, allowing the e-bike's motor to provide assistance in a way that feels natural and responsive. Together, these sensors enable smart features, improve efficiency, and enhance the overall riding experience. This technology enables connectivity, allowing riders to monitor and control various aspects of their e-bike through a mobile app, making the biking experience more interactive and customizable.

Founded in 1977, KMC is a Taiwanese company specializing in bicycle chains. Originally focusing on industrial chains, KMC expanded into bicycle chains and has become a global leader. KMC produces a wide range of chains for various cycling applications, including e-bikes, known for their durability and precision. The brand has been at the forefront of innovation, introducing technologies such as the MissingLink, a tool-free chain connector. KMC's chains are widely used in professional cycling and have earned a reputation for high performance. With a commitment to quality and cutting-edge design, KMC continues to be a trusted choice for cyclists seeking reliable and innovative chain solutions.

The KMC e10 Turbo chain is designed specifically for use with e-bikes equipped with mid-drive systems. It is known for its durability and strength, capable of handling the increased torque generated by electric motors. The chain features anti-rust technology to enhance longevity and reduce maintenance needs. With a 10-speed design, it is optimized for modern e-bike drivetrains. KMC, a reputable chain manufacturer, ensures precision engineering and reliable performance in their e10 Turbo chain. For the most accurate and updated information, it's recommended to refer to KMC's official sources or authorized dealers.

Magura is a renowned German brand specializing in the design and manufacturing of high-performance bicycle components. Established in 1893, Magura has a long history of innovation in the cycling industry. The brand is particularly known for its hydraulic disc brakes, suspension forks, and dropper seatposts. Magura's products are widely used in various cycling disciplines, including mountain biking and e-bikes, and are recognized for their reliability and precision. With a commitment to quality and cutting-edge technology, Magura continues to be a respected name in the world of cycling components.

The Magura MT4 eSTOP disc brakes are a high-performance hydraulic braking system designed for e-bikes. Featuring a 4-piston caliper design, they offer strong and reliable stopping power. The eSTOP variant is optimized for electric bikes, ensuring consistent braking performance under higher speeds and loads. The brakes utilize mineral oil for hydraulic fluid and are known for their durability and modulation. Magura MT4 eSTOP disc brakes are suitable for riders seeking advanced braking technology on their electric bicycles.

A Möbius strip is a unique shape that results from twisting a strip of paper and connecting the ends. It has only one side and one edge, defying typical notions of front and back. If you follow a path on the surface, you'll end up on both sides without lifting your finger. The Möbius strip is a fascinating mathematical concept often used to illustrate principles of topology.

NIU is a Chinese electric scooter manufacturer founded in 2014 by Li Yan and Token Hu. Specializing in smart electric scooters, NIU has rapidly grown as a prominent player in the urban mobility market. The brand is known for its innovative design, cutting-edge technology, and focus on sustainability. NIU's product range includes a variety of electric scooters, with features like removable batteries, smart connectivity, and efficient energy management. The company has gained recognition for its commitment to creating eco-friendly and affordable urban transportation solutions. NIU's innovations include the development of a cloud-based platform for remote scooter management and updates. With a global presence, NIU continues to expand its offerings and contribute to the growth of electric mobility.

A Newton meter (Nm) torque sensor for an e-bike measures the force applied to the bike's pedals. It helps the electric motor provide assistance that feels natural and proportional to the rider's effort. As you pedal, the torque sensor detects how hard you're pushing, allowing the e-bike to adjust its power output accordingly. This technology enhances the overall riding experience by making the electric assistance more responsive and efficient. A higher Nm value generally means more power and better performance. It ensures a smooth and seamless transition between manual pedaling and electric assistance, offering a more comfortable and enjoyable e-bike ride.

In bikes or e-bikes, "reach" refers to the horizontal distance between the bottom bracket (where the pedals are) and the head tube (where the handlebars attach). It signifies the bike's length and affects your riding position. "Stack" is the vertical distance from the bottom bracket to the head tube and represents the bike's height. Together, reach and stack measurements help determine the frame size that suits a rider's body. A longer reach typically means a more stretched-out riding position, while a taller stack implies a more upright stance. These factors influence comfort and handling, allowing cyclists to choose a bike or e-bike that fits their body size and riding preferences.

Schwalbe, a German tire manufacturer, has a rich history dating back to 1922, starting as a rubber factory. Today, it's a leading brand known for high-quality bicycle tires. Schwalbe's extensive product range includes tires for various cycling disciplines, with a focus on durability and performance. They offer specialized tires for e-bikes, ensuring robust construction and reliable grip. The brand is recognized for innovations like the Marathon tire series known for puncture resistance. Schwalbe continues to evolve with advancements such as the SmartGuard technology, enhancing tire durability. With a commitment to quality and innovation, Schwalbe remains a trusted choice among cyclists for their diverse tire solutions.

The Schwalbe Big Apple 55-622 (29x2.15) is a versatile and high-volume bicycle tire suitable for urban and trekking bikes. With a width of 55mm, it provides a comfortable ride by absorbing shocks and vibrations, enhancing overall comfort. The tire's unique tread pattern offers low rolling resistance for efficient cycling on various surfaces. Known for its puncture-resistant features, the Big Apple 55-622 ensures a reliable and durable performance. Its wide profile contributes to stability and is well-suited for riders seeking a smooth and comfortable city biking experience.

Segway Ninebot is a renowned brand in the personal mobility industry, known for its innovative electric transportation solutions. The company was established in 2015 through the acquisition of Segway Inc. by Ninebot Limited. Originally, Segway was famous for its self-balancing personal transporters. Today, Segway Ninebot offers a diverse range of products, including electric scooters, hoverboards, and self-balancing vehicles. The brand is celebrated for its commitment to eco-friendly transportation, contributing to the rise of electric mobility. Notable innovations include the Segway-Ninebot KickScooter series, which combines cutting-edge technology with sleek design. The brand has also ventured into smart electric bikes and integrated mobile app features for enhanced user experience. With a global presence, Segway Ninebot continues to be a trailblazer in the electric mobility sector, adapting to evolving consumer needs.

Shimano, founded in 1921, is a Japanese company renowned for producing cycling components. Shimano's braking systems are widely used in cycling, offering reliable and precise stopping power. Their derailleurs, such as the rear derailleur, are integral to smooth gear shifting. The brand has an extensive history in cycling and has been pivotal in advancing component technology. Shimano's product range includes components suitable for e-bikes, with systems like STEPS offering seamless integration. Innovations like the Di2 electronic shifting system and hydraulic disc brakes have set industry standards. Shimano's commitment to performance and innovation has solidified its position as a leading choice for cyclists worldwide.

The Shimano Acera RD-M360 is an 8-speed rear derailleur designed for mountain bikes and hybrid bicycles. It features a durable construction with a long cage design, accommodating a wide range of cassette sizes. The derailleur incorporates Shimano's MegaRange technology, allowing smooth and precise shifting. With a low-profile design, it minimizes the risk of damage from trail obstacles. The Acera 8-Speed rear derailleur is known for its reliable performance, making it a popular choice for cyclists seeking a cost-effective and efficient drivetrain component.

The Shimano CUES U6000 1X10 Speed transmission is a bike component that offers a wide range of gears and smooth pedaling for various terrains. It consists of:

- A 2-PIECE CRANKSET with a single chainring that has a special tooth shape for better chain engagement and retention.

- A 10-speed REAR DERAILLEUR with a chain stabilizer that reduces chain drop, slap and noise.

- A 10/11-speed SHIFTER with an optical gear indicator that helps you control your shifting.

The Shimano HG71 chain is a durable and reliable 6/7/8-speed chain suitable for various bicycle drivetrains. With a width of 7.3mm, it ensures compatibility with different cassette and chainring setups. The chain features Hyperglide technology, facilitating smooth and precise shifting. The HG71 is known for its durability and resistance to wear, making it suitable for both mountain and road biking. Shimano's reputation for quality and performance is reflected in the HG71 chain, providing a dependable option for cyclists across different riding disciplines.

Suntour, established in 1912 in Japan, is a prominent manufacturer of cycling components, particularly suspension systems for bikes. Originally known for producing freewheels and other parts, the brand later shifted focus to suspension forks and rear shocks. Suntour has played a key role in mountain biking history, introducing innovations like the first successful indexed shifting system in the 1980s. Today, the company offers a wide range of bicycle components, including drivetrains and suspension forks suitable for various riding styles, including e-bikes. Known for their reliability, Suntour's products have made significant contributions to the cycling industry, and the brand remains a trusted choice among cyclists worldwide.

The SR Suntour NCX Suspension is a popular front suspension system designed for bicycles. It features a coil spring and oil damping for smooth and controlled travel, enhancing rider comfort on rough terrains. The NCX Suspension has a lockout function, allowing riders to switch between a fully active suspension and a rigid state for improved efficiency on smooth surfaces. Its durability and reliability make it suitable for various types of bikes, including trekking and commuter models. The SR Suntour NCX Suspension is recognized for its balance between performance and affordability in the cycling community.

StVZO stands for "Straßenverkehrs-Zulassungs-Ordnung," which translates to "Road Traffic Licensing Regulations" in German. It is a set of regulations that define the technical requirements for bicycle lighting systems in Germany. StVZO-compliant lights are designed to ensure visibility and safety on the road, with specific criteria for brightness, beam pattern, and positioning. Bicycles equipped with StVZO-approved lights are legal for use on public roads in Germany, and many cyclists worldwide prefer StVZO-compliant lights for their proven effectiveness in providing adequate illumination while minimizing glare for oncoming traffic.

Tai Chi is a Chinese martial art that focuses on slow, flowing movements and deep breathing. It promotes balance, flexibility, and relaxation. The practice is often seen as a moving meditation and is known for its health benefits, promoting both physical and mental well-being. Tai Chi is suitable for people of all ages and fitness levels.

TEKTRO, established in 1986, is a Taiwanese company specializing in bicycle brake systems and components. Initially focused on traditional bicycles, TEKTRO has expanded its product line to cater to the growing electric bike (e-bike) market. The brand is recognized for its high-quality disc brakes, brake levers, and other braking components. TEKTRO has adapted its expertise to meet the specific needs of e-bikes, ensuring reliable and efficient braking systems for electric mobility. The company's e-bike products feature advancements such as regenerative braking systems and integrated sensor technologies for enhanced performance. TEKTRO has played a pivotal role in shaping safety standards for e-bike braking systems, contributing to the industry's overall reliability and safety. With a commitment to innovation, TEKTRO remains a key player in providing braking solutions for both traditional bicycles and the evolving e-bike market.

The TEKTRO HD-M280 disc brakes are hydraulic brakes designed for bicycles. They feature dual-piston calipers for effective braking performance. With a post-mount design, they are easy to install and adjust. The brakes come with mineral oil for hydraulic fluid, providing reliable stopping power. Known for their cost-effectiveness, the TEKTRO HD-M280 disc brakes are commonly used on entry-level and mid-range bikes.

A torque sensor is a device that measures the force that you apply to the pedals of an ebike, and adjusts the level of electric assistance accordingly. The more force you exert on the pedals, the more power the motor will provide. This makes the riding experience feel more natural and intuitive, as the motor's power output is smoothly integrated with your own power. A torque sensor can also improve the energy efficiency and ride control of your ebike.

New Urban Utopia aka Urtopia is a Chinese company that produces smart, sleek, and stealthy ebikes for urban riders. It was founded in 2022 by a team of engineers and designers who wanted to revolutionize the future of urban transportation. 

Urtopia's innovations include a belt drive that is more durable, cleaner, and quieter than a chain drive, a gyroscope that alerts the user when the bike falls, and an app that connects the bike to a smartphone for more features and customization. Urtopia also has a strong focus on sustainability, as it uses eco-friendly materials and supports green initiatives.

MOTOR SACHS RS specsheet